1. Mechanism of Action

• Sulfadiazine (20%): A sulfonamide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial dihydropteroate synthase, blocking the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, which is essential for bacterial growth.

• Trimethoprim (4%): Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, preventing the formation of tetrahydrofolic acid, further disrupting bacterial DNA and protein synthesis.

• Synergistic Effect: The combination of Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim provides a dual blockade of the folate metabolism pathway, enhancing antibacterial efficacy and reducing the risk of resistance.

2. Spectrum of Activity

• Effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including:

  • Staphylococcus spp.

  • Streptococcus spp.

  • Escherichia coli

  • Salmonella spp.

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae

3. Indications

• Used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria, such as:

  • Respiratory tract infections

  • Urinary tract infections

  • Gastrointestinal infections

  • Soft tissue infections

  • Septicemia (bloodstream infections)

4. Administration

• Administered via intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection.

• Dosage and duration of treatment should be determined by a healthcare professional based on the severity of the infection and patient condition.

5. Precautions

• Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or trimethoprim.

• Use with caution in patients with impaired liver or kidney function.

• Potential side effects include allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and hematological abnormalities.

Summary

Sulfadiazine + Trimethoprim Injection 20% + 4% is a synergistic antibiotic combination effective against a broad spectrum of bacterial infections. It works by dual inhibition of folate metabolism, but its use should be guided by a healthcare professional, considering potential side effects and contraindications.

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